Check your content against UK speech law frameworks

UK Speech Law — Complete Legal Resource

Free, comprehensive guides to the twelve key UK legal frameworks that regulate speech, publication, and communication. Each guide explains the statutory provisions, key case law, penalties, and practical implications for journalists, content creators, and publishers.

01
Public Order Act 1986

Sections 4, 4A, 5 & Part III — threatening behaviour, harassment, and incitement to racial hatred.

02
Communications Act 2003, s.127

Grossly offensive, indecent, obscene, or menacing messages sent via public electronic communications networks.

03
Online Safety Act 2023

New communications offences, platform duties of care, and OFCOM regulation of online spaces.

04
Malicious Communications Act 1988

Indecent or grossly offensive communications sent with intent to cause distress or anxiety.

05
Terrorism Act 2000 / 2006

Encouragement of terrorism, dissemination of terrorist publications, and support for proscribed organisations.

06
Racial and Religious Hatred Act 2006

Stirring up religious hatred, the s.29J free speech protection, and distinctions from racial hatred laws.

07
CJIA 2008 — Sexual Orientation Hatred

Stirring up hatred on grounds of sexual orientation. Only threatening words with intent to stir up hatred.

08
Equality Act 2010

Harassment related to protected characteristics. Civil framework enforced in Employment Tribunal or County Court.

09
Defamation Act 2013 / Common Law

Libel and slander: the serious harm threshold, truth and honest opinion defences, and the one-year limitation period.

10
Contempt of Court Act 1981

Strict liability for publications creating substantial risk of serious prejudice to active court proceedings.

11
Obscene Publications Act 1959

The test of obscenity: material tending to deprave and corrupt. The public good defence.

12
Human Rights Act 1998, Article 10

Freedom of expression: the right to hold opinions and impart information. Permitted restrictions and proportionality.

All 12 UK speech law frameworks covered. Each guide includes statutory text, key case law, penalties, and practical guidance.